How is genital herpes transmitted?

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV-2, but increasingly also HSV-1. This type of herpes is transmitted primarily through sexual contact – including vaginal, anal and oral sex – where there is direct contact between mucous membranes or broken skin and infected tissue or body fluids. Although the risk of transmission is highest during an active outbreak, the virus can also be transmitted during periods when the person has no visible symptoms. This is called asymptomatic shedding and is an important factor in the widespread transmission.

There is a misconception that herpes is only contagious when blisters or sores are present. However, research shows that many people are infected without the infected partner having any visible signs of the infection. This makes it important to have open communication, testing and possibly preventive treatment if you are living with HSV. Using a condom can reduce the risk of infection, but does not provide 100% protection, as the virus can also be transmitted from areas of skin not covered by the condom.

People with frequent outbreaks sometimes choose suppressive treatment, which reduces the risk of both outbreaks and infection. People with weakened immune systems may experience more severe and prolonged outbreaks, and therefore early treatment and detection are important.

It is worth noting that HSV-1 – traditionally associated with cold sores – is increasingly causing genital herpes, especially among young people. This is due to changes in sexual habits and more frequent oral sex. However, HSV-1 genitalis generally causes fewer recurrent outbreaks than HSV-2.

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